Senegal bichir Regular (10-11 cm)

The Senegal Bichir (Polypterus senegalus), frequently marketed as the "dinosaur eel" or "dragon fish," is an ancient, hardy freshwater fish native to tropical Africa. Despite its elongated appearance, it is not a true eel, but a primitive ray-finned fish that functions as a "living fossil". It is highly popular in the aquarium hobby due to its resilience, unique predatory behavior, and prehistoric appearance.

Key Characteristics & Anatomy

Evolutionary Traits: They possess a modified swim bladder that acts like a primitive lung, enabling them to breathe atmospheric oxygen and survive out of water for brief periods if kept moist.

Locomotion: Their robust, arm-like pectoral fins allow them to "walk" or crawl across land and muddy substrates.Body Armor: They are covered in thick, interlocking ganoid scales that serve as a heavy coat of armor.

Sensory System: They have exceptionally poor eyesight and rely almost entirely on an acute sense of smell to locate food in murky waters.Size & Lifespan: They typically reach 10 to 14 inches (25–35 cm) in captivity and can live anywhere from 10 to 30+ years with proper care.

Aquarium Care & Parameters

Because they are powerful nocturnal predators and notorious escape artists, their tank environment requires specific planning.

Tank Size: A minimum of 90 gallons (or a footprint of at least 5 feet long) is highly recommended for adult specimens to give them adequate floor space.

Security: A tightly fitting lid is mandatory. They will exploit any gaps meant for wires or filters and escape the tank.

Water Conditions: Thrives in a temperature range of 24°C to 28°C (75°F–82°F), a pH of 6.5 to 7.5, and soft to moderately hard water.

Substrate: Smooth sand or fine gravel is best. Coarse gravel can cause internal blockages if accidentally swallowed during feeding.

Tank Mates CompatibilityWhile generally peaceful toward fish they cannot swallow, Senegal Bichirs are opportunistic carnivores.Safe

Tank Mates: Large, passive schooling fish (like Silver Dollars), medium-to-large cichlids, and non-predatory bottom-dwelling catfish.Unsafe

Tank Mates: Any small fish or invertebrates that can fit into their mouths. Avoid Plecostomus (Plecos), as they are known to suck on the bichir's protective slime coat, causing severe injuries and infections.